Overview Of Carl Jung's Functions - Cognitive Typology

Carl Jung's Theory of Personality is a result of his studies in analytical psychology, which was Jung's response to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic Since individuals can exhibit both extroverted and introverted personalities, Jung defined the eight personality types in order to characterize the...Carl Jung was interested in exploring the collective unconscious. Jung's split from Freud was based on two major disagreements. We hide those parts of ourselves that are not aligned with society's expectations. Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the...Life, Work and Legacy of Carl Jung. Extravert, Extrovert, Intravert, Introvert, Schmid, Schmid As you know, I have introduced these types in an earlier publication, under the names of the introverted and I will try to describe this difficult problem in more detail on the basis of your letter but cannot...Jung formulated eight personality types, which are the basis for the Briggs Myers' 16 personalities. Jung never intended to label people. If we identify as an Extraverted Thinker (ET), for example, our Extraverted and Introverted iNtuiting. Since intuition is usually a function of the unconscious, it's...This is a personality questionnaire that gives a type to a person based on social, organizational, thinking patterns, and other personality indicators.

10.3 Neo-Freudians: Adler, Erikson, Jung, & Horney - Introductory...

Jung's Cognitive Functions Explained. Overview of Jungian Dichotomies. Because, differently to Extroverted Feeling, Introverted Feeling valuers are possessive of the properties of their Those people are often times quite contradictory in their views and assessments of things, especially when it...Carl Jung's personality types: Their established by the creator of the world, to whom reference to Indian philosophy Jung referred citing the In addition, the Florida: Introverts chose majors like Zoology interpretation of the type code not only describes or Forestry, whereas Extroverts preferred...In Psychological Types, Jung described the functions Thinking and Feeling as "rational" functions and Sensation and Intuition as "irrational" functions. Then he presented the resulting eight functions to the reader according to each of the four categories of extroverted rational (Te, Fe), introverted rational...Introvert and extravert, basic personality types according to the theories of the 20th-century Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung. Excessive daydreaming and introspection, careful balancing of considerations before reaching decisions, and withdrawal under stress are also typical of the introverted personality.

Carl Jung on the nature of the "Introvert" and "Extravert"

Introvert and extrovert are the names given to the basic personality types based upon their characteristics. In general a person can be more Jung calls these four essential psychological function one of the functions is more dominant in each one of us. Some of us depend on thinking and...The traits of extraversion (or extroversion) and introversion are a central dimension in some human personality theories. The terms introversion and extraversion were introduced into psychology by...Introversion and extraversion are terms first coined by psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung in Switzerland of the 1920s. According to Jung, an extravert seeks...In Carl Jung's theory of the ego, described in 1916 in Psychological Types, intuition is an Jung said that a person in whom intuition is dominant, an "intuitive type", acts not on the basis of rational The introvert is more difficult because he has intuitions as to the subjective factor, namely the inner world...Carl jung was initially influenced by Freud, but later he choose a different route. It led to the development of the Myers-Briggs personality test. Extroverts are often described as the life of the party. Their outgoing, vibrant nature draws people to them, and they have a hard time turning away...

OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality Chapter 11: Personality * = Correct resolution Multiple Choice 1. Who evolved the first comprehensive idea of persona? A. Hippocrates B. Immanuel Kant *C. Sigmund Freud D. Wilhelm Wundt Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 2. The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective check ________. *A. during which people are introduced with ambiguous pictures B. that employs a collection of symmetrical inkblot playing cards C. this is designed to be culturally related to minority groups D. that is similar to a word affiliation take a look at Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2, 2.4 3. The concept of ________ suggests that individuals make a selection to transport to places that are appropriate with their personalities and wishes. A. discrimination emigration B. elective immigration C. character location *D. selective migration Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1 4. The ________ option to the learn about of persona came about in response to the dominance of Western approaches to the find out about of character in non-Western settings. A. tradition B. feminist *C. indigenous D. TEMAS Difficulty: Easy Page 1 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5 5. ________ theorists attempt to give an explanation for our personality through figuring out our stable characteristics and ways of behaving. A. persona B. Jungian C. Rorschach *D. trait Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1 6. Who believed that our persona characteristics are influenced through our genetic inheritance? A. Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud B. Carl Rogers and Karen Horney C. Erik Erikson and Abraham Maslow *D. Hans and Sybil Eysenck Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 7. ________ describes a percentage of distinction among other people that is attributed to genetics. *A. heritability B. character C. temperament D. trait Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 8. The ________ personality is worried, self-conscious, artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and personal. *A. ectomorph B. endomorph C. mesomorph D. somatomorph Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 2.1 9. Who designed the first comprehensive system of constitutional psychology? A. Abraham Maslow Page 2 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality B. Carl Rogers C. Gordon Allport *D. William H. Sheldon Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 10. ________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and perfect selves are very similar. *A. congruence B. egotism C. incongruence D. self-concept Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1 11. Who evolved social-cognitive principle? A. Abraham Maslow *B. Albert Bandura C. Carl Rogers D. Erik Erikson Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 12. Self-efficacy is ________. A. a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and excellent selves are very equivalent *B. our degree of self assurance in our own skills C. the belief that one's atmosphere can resolve habits D. the trust that we have got energy over our lives Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1 13. Because we've got developed positive response inclinations, ________ believed that we reveal constant conduct patterns. *A. B. F. Skinner B. Hans and Sybil Eysenck C. Ivan Pavlov D. Sigmund Freud Page 3 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 14. The ________ refers to the not unusual mental inclinations that have been passed down from one technology to the next. *A. collective subconscious B. gestalt C. identification D. ideally suited self Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 15. Who proposed the locus of keep watch over theory? A. Albert Bandura B. Carl Jung *C. Julian Rotter D. Walter Mischel Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 16. An archetype is a ________. A. steadiness of opposing forces inside of one's character B. collective awareness C. feeling that one lacks value and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society *D. pattern that exists in our collective unconscious throughout cultures and societies Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 17. Who prompt that males have womb envy as a result of they can't give start? A. Abraham Maslow B. Carl Jung *C. Karen Horney D. Sigmund Freud Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 18. Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the ________. Page 4 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality A. collective subconscious *B. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator C. Rorschach Inkblot Test D. Tell-me-a-story thematic Apperception Test (TEMAS) Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.4 19. Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we undertake. A. id B. superb self *C. character D. superego Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 20. A(an) ________ complicated refers to the feeling that one lacks price and doesn't measure up to the requirements of others or of society. A. Freudian *B. inferiority C. neurotic D. psychosocial Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1 21. A(an) ________ locus of keep watch over is the belief that our results are outside of our keep an eye on; an ________ locus of keep an eye on is the belief that we keep an eye on our own outcomes. A. congruent; incongruent *B. exterior; inside C. interior; external D. genuine; ultimate Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 22. In Hippocrates idea of persona, what physically humor was related to choleric temperament? A. black bile from the kidneys B. red blood from the center Page 5 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality C. white mucous from the lungs *D. yellow bile from the liver Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2 23. Asa is purchasing a reward for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" as a substitute of "my mother." What does this exemplify? A. archetype B. collective subconscious *C. Freudian slip D. repressed reminiscence Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.3, 2.1, 2.2 24. The characteristics openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key elements of the ________. *A. Five Factor Model B. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) C. TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test D. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 25. Sigmund Freud steered that people who find themselves ruled via their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive. A. ego *B. identity C. superego D. unconscious Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 26. The ________ uses pictures and storytelling that relate to Hispanic tradition. A. Five Factor Model B. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) *C. TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test D. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Page 6 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5 27. Ina can not read the boulevard indicators, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which protection mechanism does this exemplify? *A. denial B. displacement C. clarification D. rejection Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1 28. According to Galen, the ________ individual is passionate, ambitious, and daring. *A. choleric B. melancholic C. phlegmatic D. sanguine Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 29. After Mike does now not get the job he interviewed for, he strikes again in together with his parents and spends his days enjoying video video games. Which protection mechanism does this exemplify? A. response formation *B. regression C. repression D. sublimation Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1 30. Dr. Grimes conducts a ________ by way of inquiring for that his patient respond to ambiguous stimuli, thus revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires. *A. projective take a look at B. psychoanalysis C. self-report stock D. trait analysis Difficulty: Moderate Page 7 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality APA Standard: 1.1, 1.3, 2.1, 2.431. According to Sigmund Freud, an grownup who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ level of her psychosexual construction. A. anal B. genital *C. oral D. phallic Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 32. The ________ consists of a sequence of true and false questions to be able to determine an person's medical profile. A. Contemporized-Themes Concerning Blacks Test (C-TCB) *B. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) C. Rorschach Inkblot Test D. TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2, 2.4 33. If parents are too lenient in the ________ level, the child may become messy, careless, disorganized, and liable to emotional outbursts. *A. anal B. genital C. oral D. phallic Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2 34. The ________ Inkblot Test employs a collection of symmetrical inkblot cards which are introduced to a client through a psychologist in an effort to divulge the particular person's subconscious needs, fears, and struggles. A. Julian Rotter *B. Rorschach C. TAT D. TEMAS Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2, 2.4 Page 8 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality 35. During which time are sexual feelings dormant as youngsters center of attention on other interests, such as college, friendships, hobbies, and sports? A. anal B. genital *C. latency D. phallic Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.1 36. The ________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective take a look at designed to be culturally related to African-Americans, the usage of pictures that relate to African-American tradition. A. Contemporary Stereotypes *B. Contemporized-Themes C. Cultural Themes D. Thematic Subjects Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2, 3.3 37. In the ________ level, there is a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urges resurface. The young particular person redirects these urges to different, more socially applicable companions (who frequently resemble the other-sex parent). A. anal *B. genital C. oral D. phallic Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.1 38. Karen Horney prompt tactics by which people most often deal with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, those strategies may just ________ if used rigidly and compulsively. *A. transform neurotic strategies B. lose their effectiveness C. result in a entire psychological breakdown D. result in obsessive-compulsive habits Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2 Page 9 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality 39. Ingrid is energized by way of being alone, speaks slowly and softly, and avoids consideration. Carl Jung would name her a(an) ________. A. extrovert B. humanist *C. introvert D. neo-Freudian Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2 40. Immanuel Kant used the terms chronic, steadfast, and calm to explain a ________ individual. A. choleric B. melancholic *C. phlegmatic D. sanguine Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2 41. Eli seeks attention, acts first whilst pondering later, and prefers verbal conversation. Carl Jung would describe him as a(an) ________. A. archetype *B. extrovert C. introvert D. neurotic Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2 42. Hans and Sybil Eysenck seen people as having two specific persona dimensions: ________. *A. extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/steadiness B. extroversion/steadiness; introversion/neuroticism C. phlegmatic/choleric; sanguine/melancholic D. phlegmatic/melancholic; choleric/sanguine Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 43. What is the developmental job of Erik Erikson's second stage of psychosexual building, wherein a sense of independence in lots of duties develops? Page 10 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality *A. autonomy vs. shame/doubt B. trade vs. inferiority C. integrity vs. depression D. agree with vs. mistrust Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2 44. Many cultures have tales about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified? *A. archetype B. id C. persona D. unconscious anxiety Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2 45. What is the developmental job of Erik Erikson's 7th degree of psychosocial construction, wherein people give a contribution to society and focal point on being a phase of a circle of relatives? *A. generativity vs. stagnation B. initiative vs. guilt C. intimacy vs. isolation D. consider vs. mistrust Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2 46. Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and casual with his pals. When he is going on a process interview he tasks professionalism and formality along with his apparel and language. What would Carl Jung recommend about Max? *A. Max followed a skilled character for his process interview. B. Max has an Oedipus advanced. C. Max is an archetype. D. Max is an introvert. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2 47. What is the developmental job of Erik Erikson's eighth degree of psychosocial construction, through which a person assesses and makes sense of her existence and the meaning of her contributions? Page 11 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality A. autonomy vs. shame/doubt B. generativity vs. stagnation C. identity vs. confusion *D. integrity vs. despair Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 48. When Imogene feels anxiety, she clings to her mom and father for affection and reassurance. What coping strategy is Imogene the use of? A. transferring towards other folks *B. moving toward other folks C. response formation D. repression Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4 49. In Carl Jung's view, the task of integrating subconscious archetypal facets of the self is a component of ________ in the second part of lifestyles. A. putting forward the sexual id B. resolving the Electra complicated C. searching for sure consideration *D. the self-realization process Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 50. When Marcos is sad, he's mean to different children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He ceaselessly manipulates his peers into doing what he needs. What coping technique is Marcos using? A. detachment B. extroversion *C. shifting against other people D. moving with people Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.5 51. Cognitive processes seek advice from all characteristics up to now learned: ________. A. archetypes and personas *B. ideals and expectations Page 12 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality C. defense mechanisms and coping methods D. myths, legends, and stories Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 52. When Fay feels apprehensive, she retreats to her closet with a flashlight, the use of the closet as a non-public hideaway. What coping strategy is Fay the usage of? *A. shifting away from other people B. shifting toward folks C. regression D. sublimation Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2 53. In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive idea, conduct refers to ________. A. movements that don't seem to be internally motivated *B. the rest a person does that may be punished or rewarded C. reactions which might be externally motivated D. explicit actions that lead to reactions Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 54. Tammy has a sure view of challenges: She perspectives them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep pastime in and a robust commitment to becoming a nice instructor. When she doesn't go her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________. A. healthy cognitive processes *B. prime self-efficacy C. low self-efficacy D. average reciprocal determinism Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2 55. Dan avoids making use of to college because he doubts he can be triumphant. He is working a retail activity, however he has a tendency to concentrate on the issues he does unsuitable. In fact, he has nearly no self belief in his talents, and when he studies a setback at paintings he is ready to surrender. Albert Bandura would say Dan has ________. *A. low self-efficacy Page 13 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality B. malfunctioning cognitive processes C. no context D. vicarious studying Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2 56. Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works arduous, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices continuously, and chefs nicely because she takes cooking categories. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________. A. an external locus on regulate *B. an interior locus of regulate C. nice self-regulation D. deficient self-regulation Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2 57. Kim believed he failed his math magnificence because the take a look at was too exhausting, handed his psychology magnificence because the professor passed each pupil in the class, and didn't get the internship because the manager didn't like him. Julian Rotter would say that Kim has ________. A. a dependent persona *B. an exterior locus of regulate C. an internal locus of control D. low self-efficacy Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 58. According to Abraham Maslow, the best need is ________. A. good parenting B. love *C. self-actualization D. self-efficacy Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 59. How can oldsters assist their children reach high congruence? A. forcing them to be impartial *B. giving them unconditional love C. not allowing them to use their protection mechanisms Page 14 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality D. stating their mistakes Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1 60. As the "3rd power" in psychology, ________ is touted as a response both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorists' view of people passively reacting to the atmosphere. A. biological determinism B. feminism *C. humanism D. social cognition theory Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 61. Which of the following isn't a approach we generally tend to suppose of personality? Our personalities ________. *A. are mutable B. aren't easy to modify C. are solid D. exist over a longer term Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1 62. What should be modified to make the following sentence true? Hippocrates theorized phlegmatic, the personality trait, was related to black bile from the kidneys. A. The title "Hippocrates" must be modified to the title "Galen." *B. The word "black bile from the kidneys" will have to be modified to the phrase "white phlegm from the lungs." C. The word "character" should be changed to the phrase "temperament." D. The phrase "phlegmatic" must be changed to the word "choleric." Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 63. What is the main distinction between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians? *A. Neo-Freudians lowered the emphasis on sex. B. Neo-Freudians theorized about character while Sigmund Freud did not. C. Sigmund Freud didn't emphasize childhood sexuality while the neo-Freudians did. D. Sigmund Freud used to be a feminist whilst the neo-Freudians were not. Page 15 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 64. Why was Sigmund Freud educated as a medical doctor and now not a psychologist? A. He attempted to change into a psychologist, but he may just now not move the required checks. B. He attempted to change into a psychologist, however no university would admit a Jewish pupil. C. His theories had been too radical, so he skilled as a physician to provide himself creditability. *D. There was once no such thing as a level in psychology when he won his training. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.2 65. What should be modified to make the following sentence true? According to Sigmund Freud, subconscious drives influenced by way of sex and aggression and early life socialization are the forces that affect our persona. A. The name "Sigmund Freud" should be changed to the name "Carl Jung." B. The phrase "character" must be modified to the phrase "real self." *C. The word "socialization" must be modified to the phrase "sexuality." D. The phrase "subconscious" must be modified to the word "wakeful." Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 66. Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud's idea of building? *A. climate of sexual repression B. first wave feminism C. executive censorship D. fashionable anti-Semitism Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2 67. Which of the following theorists isn't neo-Freudian? *A. Albert Bandura B. Carl Jung C. Erik Erikson D. Karen Horney Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.2 68. Which of the following was once one of Alfred Adler's primary contributions to persona theory? Page 16 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality A. advocating for analytical psychology *B. suggesting that our beginning order shapes our personality C. the concept that men have womb envy D. the theory that our personality develops in psychosocial levels Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 69. What was once the major concept in the back of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? *A. An individual's character develops during the lifespan. B. An individual's persona is decided in childhood. C. Individuals are either introverts or extroverts. D. The Electra complex led to ladies to be neurotic. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 70. According to Carl Jung, which of the following perfect served the goal of self-realization? A. ability of the extrovert to change into an introvert in the 2d part of lifestyles B. skill of the introvert to grow to be an extrovert in the 2nd half of lifestyles *C. stability between extroversion and introversion D. shifting previous the archetypes of the collective unconscious Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 71. Karen Horney described 3 coping kinds when coping with anxiousness. Which of the following is not one of them? A. shifting against folks B. shifting clear of folks C. moving towards folks *D. transferring with other people Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 72. What is the advantage of making use of studying approaches to the find out about of character? A. They are feminist. B. They are multicultural. *C. They can also be scientifically tested. D. They use animal analysis. Page 17 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.4 73. What was the number one discovering of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart? A. Fraternal twins have very equivalent personalities whether raised in combination or apart. B. Identical twins have very an identical character when raised in combination, however no longer when raised apart. *C. Identical twins, whether or not raised together or aside, have very an identical personalities. D. Twins of any kind have very identical personalities, regardless of the place they are raised. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2 74. What is the primary idea of the behavioral standpoint on personality? A. Personality is shaped solely in formative years. B. Personality is considerably shaped by the biology of the organism. *C. Personality is considerably shaped by the reinforcements and penalties out of doors of the organism. D. Personality idea will have to be in response to social well being. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 75. Which of the following isn't section of Albert Bandura's social cognitive principle? A. commentary finding out *B. response formation C. reciprocal determinism D. self-efficacy Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 76. Which observation summarizes the major idea of reciprocal determinism? A. Emotions are cognitive processes with behavioral antecedents. B. How we take care of nervousness displays our persona. *C. Our habits, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence every other. D. Our defense mechanisms are shaped in childhood. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 77. How are the ideas of reciprocal determinism found in observational learning? Page 18 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality A. An person's behavior is determined by way of the atmosphere. B. Cognitive processes rely on imitation. *C. Personal factors determine which behaviors in the setting a person chooses to mimic. D. The setting determines which non-public elements a person chooses to observe. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2 78. Which query used to be central to the marshmallow check? A. Do you assume you'll want to accomplish good things even if the fates are against you? B. Is your existence more like a marshmallow or extra like a rock? *C. Would you be ready to resist getting a small praise now in order to get a larger reward later? D. Would you make the similar selections your guardian would make? Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.2, 2.4 79. Which of the following is not one thing the theories of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow have in common? A. Both theories are humanistic. B. Both theories focal point on particular person possible choices. *C. Both theories center of attention on the persona shaped in infancy. D. Both theories reject organic determinism. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2 80. What must be modified to make the following sentence true? Research suggests that there are two dimensions of our temperament which are essential parts of our adult personality: interactivity and self-regulation. *A. The word "interactivity" must be modified to the phrase "reactivity." B. The word "personality" will have to be modified to the word "self." C. The word "self-regulation" should be modified to the phrase "reactivity." D. The word "temperament" should be modified to the word "persona." Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2 Short Answer 81. Discuss the history of phrenology. Page 19 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality Sample Answer: In 1780, Franz Gall, a German physician, proposed phrenology, the concept that the distances between bumps on the cranium reveal a particular person's character characteristics, persona, and mental skills. According to Gall, measuring those distances published the sizes of the brain spaces beneath, providing knowledge which may be used to resolve whether or not a individual was pleasant, prideful, murderous, type, nice with languages, and so on. Initially, phrenology was once very talked-about; however, it was soon discredited for lack of empirical support and has long been relegated to the status of pseudoscience. Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 4.1 82. According to Alfred Adler, what are the 3 basic social tasks that each one of us will have to revel in? Sample Answer: Alfred Adler known 3 fundamental social duties that every one of us must enjoy: occupational duties (careers), societal tasks (friendship), and love tasks (finding an intimate spouse for a long-term dating). Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2, 4.1 83. What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)? Sample Answer: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a questionnaire that determines a particular person's stage of introversion as opposed to extroversion, pondering versus feeling, instinct as opposed to sensation, and judging versus perceiving. Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the MBTI. Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.2, 2.4, 4.1 84. Explain William H. Sheldon's now largely discredited ideas about the influence of frame types on character. Sample Answer: According to William H. Sheldon, the ectomorph character is concerned, selfconscious, artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and personal. They experience intellectual stimulation and feel uncomfortable in social scenarios. Endomorphs are the opposite of ectomorphs. Endomorphs have narrow shoulders and broad hips, and lift further fat on their round bodies. Sheldon described endomorphs as being at ease, comfy, good-humored, even-tempered, sociable, and tolerant. Endomorphs enjoy affection and detest disapproval. The third somatotype is the mesomorph. Mesomorphs have massive bone construction, well-defined muscle tissues, broad shoulders, narrow waists, and horny, robust our bodies. According to Sheldon, mesomorphs are adventurous, assertive, competitive, and fearless. They are curious and experience making an attempt new issues, but can also be obnoxious and aggressive. Difficulty: Easy Page 20 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 4.1 85. Explain the distinction between cardinal, central, and secondary traits in step with Gordon Allport. Sample Answer: A cardinal trait is person who dominates our whole persona and lifestyles. Central characteristics are those that make up our personalities (e.g., dependable, kind, agreeable, pleasant, sneaky, wild, and grouchy). Secondary traits are those who are not moderately as evident or as constant as central characteristics. They are provide below specific circumstances and include personal tastes and attitudes. Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2, 4.1 86. What did Raymond Cattell contribute to trait idea? Sample Answer: Raymond Cattell recognized 16 elements or dimensions of personality: warmth, reasoning, emotional balance, dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractedness, privacy, apprehension, openness to switch, selfreliance, perfectionism, and pressure. He developed a character evaluation in keeping with those 16 components, called the 16PF. Instead of a trait being present or absent, each dimension is scored over a continuum, from top to low. For example, your degree of warmth describes how heat, being concerned, and nice you're. If you score low on this index, you have a tendency to be more far away and chilly. A high rating in this index indicates you might be supportive and comforting. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2, 4.1 87. Discuss the case of Anna O. What was once her connection to Sigmund Freud? Sample Answer: Sigmund Freud labored with Josef Breuer, a Viennese physician. During this time, Freud changed into intrigued by way of the tale of one of Breuer's patients, who was referred to by way of the pseudonym Anna O. Anna O. had been taking care of her loss of life father when she began to revel in signs such as partial paralysis, complications, blurred imaginative and prescient, amnesia, and hallucinations. In Freud's day, these signs have been repeatedly referred to as hysteria. Anna O. turned to Breuer for lend a hand. He spent 2 years (1880–1882) treating Anna O. and discovered that permitting her to speak about her reports perceived to bring some relief of her signs. Anna O. known as his remedy the speaking cure. Despite the fact the Freud never met Anna O., her tale served as the basis for the 1895 book, Studies on Hysteria, which he co-authored with Breuer. Based on Breuer's description of Anna O.'s treatment, Freud concluded that hysteria was the result of sexual abuse in early life and that these annoying reviews were hidden from awareness. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2, 4.1 88. How do the identification, ego, and superego mix to form persona? Page 21 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality Sample Answer: According to Sigmund Freud, our persona develops from a battle between two forces: our organic competitive and pleasure-seeking drives versus our interior (socialized) keep watch over over these drives. Our personality is the end result of our efforts to stability these two competing forces. Freud advised that we will perceive this by way of imagining three interacting systems inside our minds. He called them the identity, ego, and superego. The process of the ego, or self, is to steadiness the competitive/pleasure-seeking drives of the identification with the moral keep an eye on of the superego. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1 89. Compare and contrast projection and sublimation. Sample Answer: Both projection and sublimation are Freudian protection mechanisms. In projection, a individual refuses to recognize her personal subconscious feelings and as an alternative sees the ones feelings in somebody else. In sublimation, unacceptable needs are redirected through socially appropriate channels. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1 90. Define and exemplify reaction formation. Sample Answer: A Freudian defense mechanism, response formation is when one expresses emotions, thoughts, and behaviors contrary to their tendencies. For example, a football participant, Joe, with a same-sex orientation that thinks his buddies and circle of relatives will reject him if he comes out may in finding himself making gay jokes and picking on a school peer who's homosexual. This manner, Joe's unconscious impulses are additional submerged and his ego is protected. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1 91. Explain the Oedipus complex. When does it develop? What will resolve it? Sample Answer: Sigmund Freud's third stage of psychosexual construction is the phallic degree (3–6 years), similar to the age when youngsters transform aware of their our bodies and recognize the variations between boys and women. Conflict arises when the child feels a need for the opposite-sex mum or dad and jealousy and hatred toward the same-sex parent. For boys, this is known as the Oedipus advanced, involving a boy's want for his mother and his urge to exchange his father who is observed as a rival for the mom's consideration. At the similar time, the boy is afraid his father will punish him for his emotions, so he studies castration nervousness. The Oedipus advanced is successfully resolved when the boy begins to identify together with his father as an indirect strategy to have the mom. Failure to unravel the Oedipus complex might result in fixation and building of a persona that may well be described as vain and overly ambitious. Page 22 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1 92. Compare and contrast the theories of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler. Sample Answer: Alfred Adler was a neo-Freudian, so his theories about persona building are associated with the paintings of Sigmund Freud. Adler believed in the importance of social connections, seeing childhood construction emerging via social building slightly than the sexual phases Freud defined. Adler's concepts about inferiority represent a major difference between his pondering and Freud's. Freud believed that we're motivated via sexual and competitive urges, but Adler believed that emotions of inferiority in adolescence are what power other folks to try to gain superiority and that this striving is the pressure in the back of all of our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2, 4.1 93. What impact did Alfred Adler counsel beginning order had on persona? Sample Answer: Alfred Adler proposed that older siblings, who get started out as the focal point of their oldsters' attention but will have to proportion that spotlight once a new child joins the circle of relatives, compensate through becoming overachievers. The youngest youngsters, in keeping with Adler, may be spoiled, leaving the center kid with the opportunity to reduce the destructive dynamics of the youngest and oldest children. Despite in style consideration, research has no longer conclusively confirmed Adler's hypotheses about beginning order. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1 94. What is the major center of attention of Carl Jung's analytical psychology? Sample Answer: The focal point of analytical psychology is working to stability opposing forces of unsleeping thought, subconscious concept, and enjoy within one's personality. According to Carl Jung, this paintings is a continuous finding out procedure of changing into mindful of unconscious parts and integrating them into consciousness (mainly going on in the 2d part of lifestyles). Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2, 4.1 95. Explain the collective unconscious. Sample Answer: The collective unconscious is a common version of the private subconscious, preserving psychological patterns, or reminiscence strains, which might be common to all of us. These ancestral recollections, which Carl Jung referred to as archetypes, are represented by universal subject matters in more than a few cultures, as expressed thru literature, artwork, and desires. Jung mentioned that these issues mirror common stories of people the global over, such as going through loss of life, turning into unbiased, and Page 23 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality striving for mastery. Jung believed that thru biology, every individual is passed down the similar issues and that the similar types of symbols—hero, maiden, sage, and trickster—are present in the folklore and fairy tales of each and every tradition. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2, 4.1 96. Compare and distinction the ideas of Sigmund Freud and B. F. Skinner. Sample Answer: Sigmund Freud believed that we're motivated by sexual and competitive urges and that our persona is shaped in adolescence alone. B. F. Skinner proposed that we display consistent habits patterns as a result of we now have advanced sure response dispositions. In other words, we learn to behave in particular techniques. We building up the behaviors that lead to certain penalties, and we decrease the behaviors that result in adverse consequences. Skinner disagreed with Freud's concept that personality is fixed in youth. He argued that character develops over our whole existence, no longer best in the first few years. Our responses can alternate as we come across new scenarios; therefore, we can be expecting more variability over time in character than Freud would watch for. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2, 4.1 97. Compare and distinction the ideas of B.F Skinner and Albert Bandura. Sample Answer: Albert Bandura agreed with B. F. Skinner that personality develops thru studying. He disagreed, alternatively, with Skinner's strict behaviorist method to persona construction, as a result of he felt that considering and reasoning are essential components of finding out. He presented a social-cognitive concept of persona that emphasizes each studying and cognition as sources of particular person variations in persona, not like Skinner's theory, which emphasised finding out alone. In social-cognitive concept, the ideas of reciprocal determinism, observational learning, and self-efficacy all play a part in personality construction. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2, 4.1 98. Provide a real-life instance for the three aspects of reciprocal determinism. Sample Answer: An example of reciprocal determinism can contain a decision any person makes. Think of being at a festival and one of the points of interest is bungee jumping from a bridge. Do you do it? In this example, the conduct is bungee leaping. Cognitive components that might affect this conduct come with your ideals, values, and previous experiences. Finally, context refers to the reward construction for the behavior. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 4.1 Page 24 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality 99. Explain the importance of observational learning with Albert Bandura's idea. Sample Answer: Albert Bandura's key contribution to finding out theory used to be the idea that a lot of learning is vicarious. We be informed via observing somebody else's behavior and its consequences, which Bandura called observational studying. He felt that this sort of finding out also performs a part in the development of our persona. Just as we be told person behaviors, we also be told new habits patterns after we see them carried out by means of people or models. Drawing on the behaviorists' concepts about reinforcement, Bandura recommended that whether or not we make a selection to mimic a fashion's habits depends on whether we see the model reinforced or punished. Through observational finding out, we come to learn what behaviors are appropriate and rewarded in our culture, and we additionally discover ways to inhibit deviant or socially unacceptable behaviors through seeing what behaviors are punished. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2, 4.1 100. What did Abraham Maslow in finding relating to the people he studied? Sample Answer: Abraham Maslow, a humanist, studied people who he thought to be to be wholesome, creative, and productive, including Albert Einstein, Eleanor Roosevelt, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and others. Maslow found that such other people share equivalent traits, such as being open, ingenious, loving, spontaneous, compassionate, concerned for others, and accepting of themselves. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2, 4.1 101. How is congruence other from incongruence? Sample Answer: We experience congruence when our thoughts about our genuine self and excellent self are very identical—in different words, when our self-concept is correct. High congruence leads to a higher sense of self esteem and a healthy, productive lifestyles. Conversely, when there is a nice discrepancy between our very best and precise selves, we revel in a state Carl Rogers called incongruence, which can result in maladjustment. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 4.1 102. What does analysis counsel referring to the Five Factor Model? Sample Answer: Researchers have discovered that conscientiousness will increase thru young maturity into center age, as we develop into higher in a position to manage our private relationships and careers. Agreeableness also increases with age, peaking between 50 and 70 years. Neuroticism and extroversion tend to decline slightly with age. Additionally, The Big Five traits were shown to exist throughout ethnicities, cultures, and ages, and they may have considerable biological and genetic elements. Page 25 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2, 4.1 103. Identify a complaint of vintage Jungian principle. Sample Answer: Carl Jung proposed that human responses to archetypes are similar to instinctual responses in animals. One criticism of Jung is that there is no proof that archetypes are biologically based or similar to natural tendencies. Jung formulated his ideas about 100 years ago, and nice advances have been made in the box of genetics since that time. We've found that human babies are born with sure capacities, including the talent to obtain language. However, we've additionally discovered that symbolic knowledge (such as archetypes) is not encoded on the genome and that young children can't decode symbolism, refuting the thought of a organic basis to archetypes. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2, 2.4, 4.1 104. What does research counsel about other folks with an inside locus of keep an eye on? Sample Answer: Research has found that individuals with an internal locus of keep an eye on perform better academically, succeed in more in their careers, are more unbiased, are more healthy, are better in a position to manage, and are less depressed than individuals who have an exterior locus of keep watch over. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2, 4.1 105. What did Walter Mischel find when he in comparison the effects of the marshmallow check to the results of the contributors years later? Sample Answer: Walter Mischel and his colleagues positioned a preschool kid in a room with one marshmallow on the desk. The child used to be informed that he may just both consume the marshmallow now, or he could wait until the researcher returned to the room and then he can have two marshmallows. This used to be repeated with loads of preschoolers. What Mischel and his workforce discovered used to be that young children vary of their level of willpower. Mischel and his colleagues persevered to apply this workforce of preschoolers thru highschool, and the kids who waited for the larger reward have been more a success in high school: They had upper SAT rankings, had sure peer relationships, and have been less more likely to have substance abuse issues. As adults, they additionally had more stable marriages. On the different hand, those children who grabbed the one marshmallow weren't as a hit in high school, and they have been discovered to have educational and behavioral issues. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.2, 2.2, 2.4, 4.1 Page 26 of 27 OpenStax Psychology Test Bank Chapter 11: Personality 106. What is the focus of humanism? What are some humanistic criticisms of other psychological perspectives? Sample Answer: Humanism makes a speciality of how healthy other folks develop. As the third drive in psychology, humanism is touted as a response each to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis, with its emphasis on mental disturbance, and to the behaviorists' view of humans passively reacting to the atmosphere, which has been criticized as making folks out to be personality-less robots. It does not suggest that psychoanalytic, behaviorist, and other points of view are flawed, but it argues that these perspectives don't recognize the intensity and meaning of human enjoy and fail to acknowledge the innate capability for self-directed alternate and reworking non-public reports. Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 2.2, 2.5, 4.1 Essay 107. Which idea of character makes the maximum sense to you? Why? Difficulty: Easy APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1 108. What demanding situations do you think Karen Horney skilled as the first lady educated as a Freudian psychoanalyst? Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.2, 2.5, 4.1 109. Discuss the ways in which your genuine self is other out of your ideally suited self. Difficulty: Moderate APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1 110. Is the persona you show in social media other from the persona you show in particular person? Difficulty: Difficult APA Standard: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 4.1 Copyright 2015, Rice University. All Rights Reserved. Page 27 of 27

a a state of being in which our thoughts about our real ...

Self efficacy is a a state of being in which our thoughts ...